Bad breath is very common in dogs and cats, but it is definitely NOT normal! What you are smelling is infection and pus. Plaque bacteria on the teeth causes gingivitis, resulting in painful, red, swollen, ulcerated or bleeding gums. Left untreated, the bone surrounding the teeth also gets destroyed, leading to abscesses, loose teeth and even jaw fractures if nothing is done. Infection also spreads through the bloodstream to the vital organs, including the liver, heart and kidneys.

Most pets are brave, and do not show obvious signs of pain until it is excruciating. They will continue to eat despite significant discomfort. When you think about it, they really have no other option. They may start to chew on one side, or prefer softer foods, but in many cases the signs are quite subtle and easily missed, even by a diligent owner. Pets with dental disease will not stop eating until the pain is so severe that starving slowly is an easier option. This can take months or years of disease to happen. Please don’t wait for this to happen.

Your vet may refer you to see Dr Christine – this is our preferred method of seeing patients as we can then work with your vet, access previous medical records (blood tests, treatments, previous anaesthetic details etc). This also minimises the risk of unexpected non-dental issues being discovered at your dental consultation, which may then need to be dealt with at your own vet prior to dental treatment.

We can also see your pet without referral if you are concerned about their dental health, especially in the case of an emergency. However, in the majority of cases, your regular vet is the best place to start.

Dr Christine sees patients at the Animal Referral Hospital, Homebush. Please note the Willoughby North contact address is a post office box, and she is not allowed to perform surgery in the post office.

Surgery days are Mondays and Thursdays. In some emergency cases, Dr Christine can arrange to see your pet on other days if necessary (including weekends), this may incur an extra fee. You can contact her here

Most surgeries can be performed on the same day as the consultation, if your pet has been fasted appropriately and there are no other health issues that need to be addressed first. This saves you time, and your pet the stress of an extra visit to the hospital. You can also choose to schedule surgery for a later date if you prefer.

Sometimes it is preferable to schedule surgery at a later date, if extra precautions or preparations are required prior to anaesthesia (such as a course of medication, or a longer period of preoperative intravenous fluids). Dr Christine will keep you fully informed of the reasons for this if necessary.

Bookings can be made directly through the Animal Referral Hospital on (02) 9758 8666.

If you would like the option of your pet having surgery on the same visit as your consultation, fasting is recommended. We recommend no food after midnight on the night prior to your arrival. Water should be available until you come to the hospital, especially in warmer weather. This is particularly important for patients with health issues such as kidney disease or diabetes.

If your pet is very young, has a medical condition such as diabetes, or takes medications that need to be given with food, please ask for advice on fasting when you book your appointment.

Aside from fasting your pet as above, please also let us know if your pet has health issues prior to your appointment. This can be done by your referring vet.

An initial consultation with Dr Christine is $210. This generally takes about 30 minutes, and includes a thorough oral examination, detailed discussion of the options available, and formulation of a treatment plan.

Dr Christine also offers a free recheck appointment 10-14 days after surgery, to check that everything is healing well. You will be given details for this when your pet is discharged from hospital.

This is a common question, which is completely understandable! While Dr Christine can sometimes give a very rough guide in advance for fairly ‘standard’ procedures such as root canal treatment, the costs can vary depending on the individual problem, the size of your pet, and other medical issues affecting the anaesthetic. Once she has examined your pet, a more accurate estimate can be given based on all of these factors.

You can click here for further information on pricing.

The Animal Referral Hospital is located in Homebush, Sydney, right next to Sydney Markets. Click here for more details.

If you get lost on the way to the hospital you can call Reception for directions on (02) 9758 8666.

The initial consultation is 30 minutes. Dr Christine will discuss your pet’s medical and dental history with you while your pet explores the room and gets settled. She will then perform a thorough oral examination (as thorough as your pet will allow!) and then describe her findings with you. You can then go through all the treatment options, including the prognosis and costs, before making a treatment plan that suits you and your pet.

If your pet is staying for same-day surgery, they will be admitted to hospital for treatment. Otherwise you can take time to make any decisions, and schedule surgery for a later date.

Your pet will be settled into a comfortable bed, and prepared for their surgery in the afternoon. An intravenous line (drip) will be placed to make sure they are not dehydrated, and to support their blood pressure throughout the procedure. Any blood samples that are required can be taken at the same time. Sedatives and pain relief may be administered to keep your pet calm, comfortable and happy until surgery.

After surgery, your pet will recover from their anaesthetic under close observation. Dr Christine or one of her team members will call you to let you know how things have gone, and confirm a time for you to be reunited with your pet when they are awake enough to return home.

It depends on the procedure performed, and the overall health of your pet. Most patients are discharged the same evening, but sometimes a sleepover in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) is required. Extensive surgery may mean your pet needs stronger pain relief than can be dispensed for home use. Some patients may require extra intravenous fluid support and nursing care in the ICU until they are back on their feet and ready to eat and rest at home. Dr Christine will keep you informed if your pet needs this extra care. The hospital has a dedicated 24/7 ICU team of vets and nurses so your pet is in safe hands around the clock.

Almost every dental procedure requires a general anaesthetic, for several reasons. Firstly, although Dr Christine has many tricks for getting a good look in your pet’s mouth, it is not possible to thoroughly examine and clean all surfaces of all teeth (including the backs and insides of all of those back teeth), check and clean below the gumline, and take xrays unless your pet is asleep. Secondly, dental cleaning and treatment can be uncomfortable and scary for your pet, especially if there are inflamed gums or damaged teeth. The instruments Dr Christine uses are very sharp (they have to be!), and the power equipment is noisy and sprays water. Your pet can be seriously injured if they move, or inhale bacteria or water during the procedure (cats and dogs don’t rinse and spit like humans do!). Anaesthesia allows us to do a thorough job safely without your pet feeling pain and fear.

Managed well, general anaesthesia these days is generally very safe for most patients. Dr Christine minimises the risk by knowing your pet’s health status through their medical history, physical examination, and, if needed, supplementary tests (such as blood tests, chest xrays). She tailors the anaesthetic protocol to their individual requirements, and will discuss any special considerations arising from other health issues with the Critical Care and Medicine teams as needed. Your pet is continuously monitored throughout the procedure, to keep them at a safe level. Local nerve blocks allow her to keep the level of anaesthesia as light as possible. Finally, the hospital is a fully equipped emergency facility so the Dental team has the backing of the Critical Care and Medicine teams should any potential issues arise.

In a nutshell, the only way to do dental work without an anaesthetic is to not do it properly. Sadly, it is common for pets that have had anaesthesia-free dental cleanings for several years to come in requiring multiple extractions that may have been avoided had a thorough dental procedure been performed under anaesthesia instead.

While we would love to be able to perform dental assessment and treatment on your pet without anaesthesia, we do not offer this service as it does not allow proper diagnosis or treatment. Dr Christine’s aim is to find and alleviate all sources of infection and pain in your pet’s mouth. This means examining every tooth, above and below the gum margin, and being able to clean and treat all areas. While Christine has repeatedly asked for xray vision every Christmas and birthday, she is yet to receive it, and (like all other humans) can only see the tip of the iceberg when she looks in your pet’s mouth.

Most people find dental treatment unpleasant and uncomfortable – your pet is no different. A well-managed anaesthetic is far safer and more humane than attempting to use sharp instruments and power equipment in a mobile patient without a protected airway.

Every owner of an elderly pet shares this same concern. Dental disease increases with age, so a large proportion of our patients are in fact elderly! Most dental conditions cause discomfort or pain, and almost all involve infection that can enter the bloodstream and affect the rest of the body. Dental disease is just as painful for older pets as it is for younger ones, and older pets absolutely deserve to be happy and pain free. We have treated many, many elderly cats and dogs with great success, relieving their pain and infection and giving them back their quality of life. Modern anaesthetics give us many options to make the anaesthetic as smooth and safe as possible so we can achieve this. Christine’s surgical experience also means procedures can be done quickly to minimise the time under anaesthesia.

Dr Christine can help you determine if your pet’s mouth is infected or painful, and how beneficial treatment is likely to be. The anaesthesia risk can then be weighed up and managed to give your pet the very best chance of regaining comfort in its old age. Indeed, it is common to find pets act many years younger once they have had good dental care!

Click here to view our page on anaesthesia management.

Pets with serious illnesses can also have serious dental issues that impact on their quality of life, as well as their overall health. Many of Dr Christine’s patients have multiple illnesses, yet if dental treatment is required, this can almost always be achieved through careful anaesthetic management and keeping the procedure as short as possible (this is where her surgical experience comes in). The backing of a referral hospital with intensive care and multiple staff specialists, if needed, gives extra peace of mind.

This depends on the procedure performed. In the evening after surgery, a small soft meal is usually appreciated, as your pet will still be under the effects of the anaesthetic. If extractions have been performed, a soft diet is usually recommended for several days – this may include soaked kibble, small chunks of meat or chicken, or tinned food (small chunks are better than gravy-type foods). Dr Christine will provide all the details when your pet is discharged from hospital.

After surgery it is best to avoid handling your pet’s mouth in most cases. Where possible, medications are supplied as liquids that can be gently syringed into the side of your pet’s mouth or put in their dinner. Occasionally long acting injections or pain patches may also be used. Tablets are only used if necessary, and can generally be hidden in food.

It is rare that you will need to take time off to nurse your pet (that’s our job!). With good surgical technique and the use of pain medication, most patients are up and eating several hours after surgery. If surgery has been extensive, your pet will generally be kept in hospital until they can eat and manage themselves well – this allows them to receive strong pain relief, intravenous fluid support and loads of TLC until they find their feet again.

This is a common and valid concern. The great news is that pet cats and dogs do absolutely fine without teeth, even if they have to have them all removed! Pets need their teeth for hunting and chewing through carcases, so as long as you continue to feed your pet so they don’t have to hunt, they will do well. In fact, many pets with no teeth at all will still eat biscuits, and some will even continue to hunt if allowed.

Dr Christine only removes teeth where it is the best option for your pet – this means that, in fact, most eat far better without the pain and infection, despite having fewer teeth.

It depends on the treatment performed. For many surgeries a follow-up appointment is recommended – Dr Christine will let you know. This is so she can check that the mouth is healing well and answer any questions you may have. She uses dissolving sutures so you won’t need to have these removed.

The great news is that this post-surgery check is free (it’s all part of the service). Just book through Reception.

While Dr Christine always loves to see her patients, you don’t have to see her for the post-surgery check if this is inconvenient for you due to distance, scheduling, or life in general. She will send a report to your own vet following surgery so they are up to date with your pet’s treatment, and can take over their care again once you are home. If your vet is concerned or has any questions, they can contact Christine for further advice.